Square.



R. W. REQUA.

SQUARE. MPLICATI0N FILE D AUG- 5, I914.

Patented May 11, 1915.

' ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RALPH WALDO BEQUA, OF CHICO, CALIFORNIA.

SQUARE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 11, 1915.

Application filed Augifst 5, 1914. Serial No. 855,112.

To allwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RALPH W. REQUA, a

' citizen of the United States, residing at Chico, inthe county of Butte and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Squares; and I hereby declare that the followingvis a full,

plish work now erform'ed by other; devices.

. A further objectds to provide (a square which may be conveniently carried in the pocket, and which will perform the work of the larger squares, by the simple process of marking ofl" one side of the work, upto 6 inches in width, then transferring the square to the opposite side of the work.

i I will explain the invention in detail and the mode of using same in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is an obverse face View of the implement or square. Fig. 2 is an edge View thereof. Fig. 3 is a reverse face view there of. Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged detail sectional views showing the pivot pin.

. As shown in the drawings the square comprises a flat substantially rectangular frame having vertical parallel side members l and 2; parallel top and bottom members 3 and 4 lying at right angles to members 1 and 2;

and a diagonal member 5 which practically extends across the square from one top corner to the opposite lower corner thereof. e -Theside members 1 and 2 are preferably extended beyondthe outer edge of the member 4 as shown at 1, 2 respectively. Said mem hers are preferably formed integral, and may be of sheet metal or any other suitable material.

The outer edges of the members are preferably scaled as indicated in the drawings;

the members 1 and 2 being preferably six inches in length measured from hole 6 outside; and the members 3' and '4: being preferably "four inches in length inside. The member -1 is provided with a series of per- 'forations 1" a quarter of an inch apart, and

' with perforations 1 alternating with the perforations 1. The member 2 is provided with s1m1lar perforations 2 a quarter of an inch apart.

, In the member 1 about in line with the top or inner side of the member 4: is a pivot hole 6, and on themember 5 is a curved scale 6* which has its axis at the point 6 on the outer edge of member 1. The members 1, 5, 3. and 2 are scored with pitch lines 6 which radiate from the center 6 To the rear face of the square is attached a flange 7, which may be formed of an L- shaped piece of metal fastened to the member 4, and projecting at right angles to members 1 and 2. This flange forms a guide by which the'device can be used like an ordinary T-square. The ends of this flange 7 are flush with and at right angles to-the side members 1 and 2 andare used as pivots and provide a means whereby the square may be rotated to the' right or left to form the various angles or pitches which are scaled on the members -1, 5, 3 and 2 by the curved scale 6. On the reverse side of the square, (i. c. the'side from which the flange 7 projects) the members 1, 2 and 3 are preferably scaled as shown, and the member 5 on the reverse side may have an arc line 6 struck from the center6 and provided with pitch lines 6 which are numbered as shown.

Attached to the flange 7 adjacent pivot hole 6 is a pivot pin 8 which is adapted to be projected through hole 6 (see Fig. 1) and serve as a pivot for the square for a purpose hereinafter. described. The pin 8 is shown as attached to a head 8 connected to bar 7 a by a spring 8 which spring normally tends to retract the pin (as 'shownin Fig. 5) so that it will not interfere with the-free movement of the square over a. surface when laid facewise thereupon; but when it is desired to pivot'the square on the surface the pin 8.

should be depressed, as indicated in Fig. 4,

and its head 8 engaged with a catch lug 7 a on the flange 7-, as shown in Fig. 4, thereby 1 holding the pin in pivoting position.

The point of the pivot pin is hormallyretracted within the hole 6, but wh the pin head is depressed. the point of t e pin is projected through'the hole into the surface beneath. The pin is held depressed or projected as long as the head engages {.Ca'tch7. To release the pin a slight downward and side pressure permits the head to disengage the catch, and resume its normal position as shown in Fig. 5.

By marking or scoring the faces of the square as shown, any required pitch or angle or elevation as used in cutting rafters, or other building operations, can be obtained in three ways; the range of degrees 'being'from 1 to 90. One way is to place line with the pivot 6 (Fig. 1) to the outer or upper end of member 1, then move the square with a circular motion, clockwise, using the end of the flange 7 (Fig. 2) as a pivot until the line 6" marked with. the.desired pitch intersects the line on which the point 6 rests, then draw a second line along the edge of member 1 from the pivot 6 to outer end of square. This will give the desired pitch or angle, using the first line drawn as the base. A second way is to place the square on the'surface as above described, then lay a straight edge of any kind on top of the square on the line 6 of the-angle or pitch desired and draw a line along the straight edge so placed. Another way is to place the square on the surface asabove described and move it to,the right, using the guide arm as a pivot' as above described; then by counting the degrees backward, (or beginning at 90 and proceeding downwa1td,)

. the desired pitch or angle may beobtained.

The square also provides a simple and accurate means of drawing lines parallel with the length of the material to be marked or designed. The small holes 1, 1 permit (the laying off or drawing of lines inch apart by member 1.

The single row of holes in member 2 is provided expressly for those mechanics or persons who are popularly called left handed, and enables persons who use the left hand for marking or writing to use my square with equal facility.

The square may be readily and easily held in one hand, which allows the free use of the other hand for marking'and laying ofl the work. The parts 1, 2 extending one inch below the member 4 permits the square to be balanced as described, as point 2 extends underneath the lower side of the palm ofthe hand; while the member 1 extends out over the forefinger, while the tips of the fingers are resting against the under. side of the flange 7; therefore the points 1 and 2 prevent the hand from slipping in either direction along the member 4; the member 2 lying underneath the'hand acts as an extension to assist in carrying the weight of the main body of the square.

The extensions also prevent any injury to the hand while moving the square backward or forward over the work, as anything interfering must necessarily engage the extension before reaching the hand. The extensions being scaled give two added inches in length when measuring any surfaces longitudinally.

By depressing the pivot pin 8 and inserting the point of any sharp instrument or pencil in any one of the holes 1,1, 2 and moving the square either to the right or left, a circular line is produced, which may be continued to produce a complete :circle. The diameter of. the circle may be varied at will by placing the marking instrument in the desired hole.

In squaring and longitudinally marking unsurfaced or unfinished materials or surfaces.

The invention further provides a 45 degree angleor pitch angle across the inside of the square by means of the member 5 which permitsthe markingof this angle from either side of the square. On the reverse side of the square and on the member 5 the lines 6 are numbered from 4 to 12 along the edge of the arc 6 Between the Figs. 11 and 12 there is another line 6 with a triangle mark at its top. The lines 6 are used in making polygonal figures. The range being from four sides up to twelve. The line 6 is used forlaying off a figure with three sides. e

To lay off an equilateral triangle draw a line along the edge of member 1 beginning at the point 6 and ending at the upper or outer edge of the member. Next bring the point 6 up to the end of the line just drawn and turn the square to the left or counterclockwise until the line 6 intersects the first line drawn; then draw a second line from the point 6. to the outer end as drawn in first line; next bring the point 6? up to the end of the second line drawn, turn to the left as in second operation, bring the line 6 down to intersection of second line, draw third line from 6 to outer end, and

the resulting figure will be an equilateral ivot pin ment inserted in one of the most adjacent holes in the member 1 to one of the points of the figure, then rotating the square with a circular motion a circle will be produced andif the length and angle of the various sideslof the figure have been correctly made,

each point of the figure will touch or be Equidistant from the circle embracing the gure.

The foregoing explains some of the practical modes of using the square; other uses therefor will be readily understood by those familiar with such tools and the kind of work to be performed, and the square is not limited to use in the specific operations above referred to.

What I claim is:

1. A square composed of parallel side members, two parallel top and bottom members connecting the side members, a diagonally arranged member connected with the other members, said side and end members being scaled on their edges and said diagonal member having scores adapted to indicate various angles relative to the edge of the bottom member, a guide flange attached to the reverse side of said square, and a pivot pin adjustably connected therewith.

2. An instrument for the purpose specified, comprising two parallel side members, two parallel top and bottom members at right angles to and connecting the side members, the ends of the side members extending below the bottom member, said members being scaled on their outer faces and the side members being perforated, and a diagonally arranged member connected with v the other members and scored to indicate .reverse side of said square, and a pivotal pin connected with the square, substantially as set forth.

4. A square for the purpose specified, comprising parallel side members, top and bottom members connecting said members at right angles thereto, the side members extending below the bottom member, a diagonally arranged member connected at the opposite corners of the square, said side members being provided. with scales and perforations, and said diagonal member bemg provided with a protracting scale,'and with scoring lines radiating from an opening in one of the side members, a guide flange attached to the reverse side of said square, and a pivot pin adjustably connected therewith adjacent said opening.

5. A square for the purpose specified having four members forming a right-angled frame, each provided with a scale whereby measurements may be made on lines drawn along any or all of the" four sides of such frame, a straight edged member cxtendin diagonally across the frame at an angle 0 fort five de rees, each side member of the frame extending below the bottom member thereof, substantially as specified.

6. A square for the purpose specified having four members forming a right-angled frame, each member being scaled, and an intermediate member extending diagonally across the frame at an angle of forty-five degrees; each side member extending below the bottom member of the frame and being provided with perforations, and said diagonal member having scores to indicate various angles relative to the edge of the bottom member.

7 A square composed of parallel side members, two parallel top and bottom members connecting the side members, a diagonally arranged internal member connectedwith the other members and having scores to indicate various angles relative to the edge of-the bottom member, and a pivot attached to the square, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

RALPH WALDO REQUA.

Witnesses:

DOUGLAS CRUM, W. E. ARMSTRONG. 

